One of the biggest challenges to our traditional understanding of the cosmos is something called the «satellite disk problem.» In essence, scientists are confused because smaller galaxies orbit larger galaxies in thin, flat planes rather than the messier orbits that would be expected under the Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model — the «fanastically successful paradigm» that defines how we observe space.
In order to get around this issue, scientists are now positing that particles called «symmetrons» are generating invisible walls in space, which astronomers refer to as «domain walls.» This in turn creates what astronomers Aneesh Naik and Clare Burrage of the University of Nottingham describe as a potential «fifth force» in physics.
